Vibrant Street Art at Thisiou St, Athens, Greece

After exploring Istanbul and Pamukkale in Turkey, we fly from Istanbul to Athens, Greece and immerse ourselves in the cradle of democracy by strolling amidst the majestic monuments of the Acropolis (a UNESCO UNESCO World Heritage site) and the ancient Agora. Later, we wander the charming Plaka neighborhood, savoring delicious souvlaki from a local taverna, all under the watchful gaze of the Parthenon bathed in the golden hues of a Mediterranean sunset.

The drive from Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" (ATH) to our hotel just south of the Acropolis takes half an hour covering the 35 kilometers via Attiki Odos/A6/E94 and Periferiaki Imittou/A64.

A64 (Periferiaki Imittou) motorway to Athens

Our hotel is at the northern tip of Koukaki district, the south-eastern neighborhood of Athens (Athina). This location allows us an great view of the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens with the adjacent Mount Lycabettus (Lycabettus Hill) right from the balcony of our room and even more spectacularly, from the rooftop terrace of the hotel.

Parthenon on Acropolis Hill and Lycabettus Hill view from rooftop terrace of our hotel

Towering 277 meters above Athens, Lycabettus Hill is the crown jewel of the city, offering breathtaking panoramic views. Visitors can hike up a winding path or take a funicular railway to the top, where they'll find the charming 19th-century Chapel of St. George, a theater and a restaurant with stunning vistas.

Athens from the roof terrace of our hotel (panorama view) Parthenon on Acropolis Hill, Lycabettus Hill and more

The view becomes magical at night when bathed in a new, energy-efficient LED system, the Acropolis comes alive. The Parthenon takes center stage with warm white light highlighting its architectural details, while the entire rocky hill and fortification walls are illuminated.  Lycabettus Hill is also lit up with St. George's Chapel shining at the top.

Parthenon on Acropolis Hill and Lycabettus Hill lighting at night (panorama)

Sky-pointing floodlights accentuate the city's ancient monuments, creating a great spectacle against the dark sky. The Acropolis, crowned by the majestic Parthenon, glows brilliantly, its marble columns and intricate friezes bathed in warm light.

Parthenon on Acropolis Hill and Lycabettus Hill with sky-pointing flood lights at night

After an excellent buffet breakfast at our hotel and not knowing how close we really were to the Acropolis, we take a public bus from the street behind the hotel to Akropolē bus top just one stop away to take us to the Acropolis archeological monument complex. The Akropolē bus stop is the closest stop to the main entrance of the archaeological site and the pedestrian-only Dionysiou Areopagitou Street just a 3-minute walk away. This makes it a popular option for visitors who want to avoid the climb from other stations or the Acropolis metro station.

Bus at Akropolē bus top

We begin our exploration of the Acropolis of Athens (MAP) with the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, also called the Herodeon or simply the Odeon, a stunning Roman stone theatre nestled on the southwestern slope of the Acropolis.

Pedestrian-only Dionysiou Areopagitou Street across Akropolē bus stop leading to Odeon of Herodes Atticus and monuments at the Acropolis Archeological Complex

Built around 161 AD by the wealthy Roman senator Herodes Atticus in memory of his wife Regilla, the Herodeon served as a venue for musical performances, poetry readings and lectures. Originally, the Odeon boasted a three-story stage building with a wooden roof made of expensive cedar from Lebanon. The enormous semi-circular seating area was carved from Piraeus limestone and clad with beautiful blue-hued marble quarried from nearby Mount Hymettus. Though destroyed by the Heruli in the 3rd century AD and further damaged over time, the Herodeon underwent extensive restoration in the 1950s.

The Odeon (Odeon of Herodes Atticus), Acropolis

The Odeon stands out for its unique blend of Greek and Roman architectural styles. The Cavea (seating area) is made of Piraeus limestone and clad with blue marble and offered seating for up to 5,000 spectators. The stage (Orchestra) is a semi-circular platform paved with black and white marble, originally used for performances. The Scaena (stage building) was originally a three-story structure with elaborate arches and niches for statues; today two stories remain.

Equipment for Live Concert at the Stage (Orchestra) of the Odeon (Odeon of Herodes Atticus)

The Odeon of Herodes Atticus remains a popular venue for concerts, theatrical productions and cultural events, particularly during the annual Athens and Epidaurus Festival, the renowned annual arts festival held in the Herodeon of Athens and Epidaurus from May to October. Epidaurus was an ancient Greek city located on the Argolid Peninsula in northeastern Peloponnese, Greece. It was most famous for being a major center of medicine in the ancient world, especially known for the Sanctuary of Asclepius, the god of healing. People from all over Greece and beyond would flock to Epidaurus to seek cures for their ailments. The sanctuary of Epidaurus contained a number of important buildings, including a temple to Asclepius, a theater, a stadium and a hospital. The theater in Epidaurus is one of the best-preserved examples of its kind in Greece and is still used today for performances. The acoustics are particularly remarkable, allowing even those sitting in the very back row to hear clearly.

The Athens and Epidaurus Festival is considered one of the oldest continuously running festivals in Europe, boasting a legacy of over 60 years. Indeed we are in Athens in July and could clearly hear the performances and see the dynamic lights of live concerts at nights in the Herodeon from our hotel!

Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Herodeon)

We continue to the ticket office at the main entrance of the Parthenon on the west side. This is the most common (i.e. crowded) entrance used by visitors.

Reaching the Acropolis complex and the Parthenon from the ticket office involves climbing a series of marble steps that wind their way up Acropolis hill. There are no handrails on most of these steps and they can be quite steep in some sections.We eventually reach the Propylaea, the monumental gateway that leads to the Acropolis complex.

Propylaea (Gateway to Parthenon)

Constructed between 437 and 432 BCE under the direction of the architect Mnesicles, the Propylaea is a striking example of classical Greek architecture. The structure consists of a central building with two wings, creating a symmetrical and harmonious design that reflects the Greeks' dedication to balance and proportion. As we approach the Acropolis complex, the Propylaea's imposing Doric columns come into view, guiding us through a series of ascending steps that lead to the sacred precinct.

Propylaea (Gateway to Parthenon)

The central hall of the Propylaea is flanked by two smaller, yet equally impressive, wings that once served various purposes, including housing artworks and providing spaces for ceremonial gatherings. The marble used in its construction gleams in the sunlight, highlighting the meticulous craftsmanship that went into its creation.

Propylaea (Gateway to Parthenon & Acropolis complex)

One of the unique features of the Propylaea is its blend of Doric and Ionic architectural elements. The outer columns are Doric, while the inner ones are Ionic columns, demonstrating a sophisticated interplay of different styles. This architectural fusion adds to the aesthetic appeal and structural complexity of the gateway.

Propylaea (Gateway to Parthenon & Acropolis complex)

Walking through the Propylaea gateway from the west, the magnificent Parthenon stands ahead with its Doric columns rising majestically from the stylobate (the stepped platform).

Parthenon

The Parthenon is the most famous building on the Acropolis. It was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, the patron deity of Athens. The Parthenon is a masterpiece of Doric architecture and is considered one of the greatest achievements of Greek art.

Parthenon

Parthenon's entrance itself is characterized by its massive double portico, featuring eight towering columns at the front and another eight at the rear, creating a harmonious and balanced facade.

Parthenon

This imposing structure was designed to impress and signify the grandeur of the goddess Athena, to whom the temple is dedicated. We are drawn to the detailed metopes and friezes that adorn the entrance, depicting scenes from mythology and Athenian history, offering a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of ancient Greece.

Parthenon

The Erechtheion is one of the most iconic and architecturally intriguing temples on the Acropolis of Athens, renowned for its unique design and historical significance. It was built between 421 and 405 BCE and housed shrines to several deities, including Athena, Poseidon and Erechtheus (a mythical King of Athens). Unlike the more uniformly structured Parthenon, the Erechtheion's layout is asymmetrical, accommodating the uneven terrain of the Acropolis and the various sacred sites it encloses.

Erechtheion: East facade

Erechtheion temple's most famous feature is the Porch of the Caryatids on its south side where six elegantly draped female figures (currently replicas, not the originals) serve as supporting columns.

The Caryatids at South Porch of Erechtheion Photo: Dennis Jarvis

The Caryatids are masterpieces of classical sculpture, each one intricately carved to stand gracefully while bearing the weight of the roof on their heads. The term "caryatid" comes from Caryae, an ancient town near Sparta. Legend has it that the Caryatids were maidens from that town who were condemned to slavery for siding with the Persians during the Greco-Persian Wars (499 - 449 BCE). However, this explanation is likely a later invention,  as depictions of female figures used as architectural supports predate the Persian Wars.

The Caryatids at South Porch of Erechtheion

The Caryatids are made of Pentelic marble, a type of white marble quarried near Athens. They are each about 6 feet tall and are depicted wearing long, flowing peplos (robes) with intricate folds. Their posture is graceful and dignified and they each have a unique expression on their faces. Unfortunately, the Caryatids have suffered some damage over the centuries. One of the statues was taken by Lord Elgin in the early 19th century and is now in the British Museum in London. Five of the remaining statues were removed from the Acropolis in 1978 to protect them from further pollution and weathering and are now housed in the Acropolis Museum. Replica statues now stand in their place on the Erechtheion.

The Erechtheion temple's architectural complexity reflects its multifaceted purpose. It was built to house several ancient religious relics, including the sacred olive tree of Athena and the saltwater spring created by Poseidon. The Erechtheion also contains multiple shrines and altars dedicated to different deities and heroes, emphasizing its role as a center of worship and mythological significance.

Erechtheion: North Porch

The Erechtheion's use of both Ionic columns and Caryatids demonstrates the architectural innovation of ancient Greece. The finely detailed Ionic capitals and the harmonious proportions of the structure highlight the Greek mastery of form and function. The juxtaposition of these elements against the stark backdrop of the Acropolis creates a visually striking and spiritually profound experience.

Erechtheion: North Porch

Historically, the Erechtheion has endured centuries of change, including periods of conversion into a church and later, an Ottoman harem. Despite these transformations, it has retained its dignity and remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Athenian architecture and mythology. Visiting the Erechtheion, one can feel the deep connection between the ancient Athenians and their gods and appreciate the artistry that has captivated generations. The temple stands as a symbol of the city's cultural and religious richness, inviting admiration and reflection from all who walk its ancient grounds.

We exit the Acropolis complex via the Propylaea's east side.

Propylaea: East (Exit) side

We climb down to head back to the Akropolē bus stop. It is incredibly hot at the Acropolis in July and we gladly take a quick break in the garden below to catch our breath, hydrate and recuperate.

Quick rest below the Acropolis of Athens

We take a bus on the X80 (Piraeus - Acropolis - Syntagma Express Bus Line) circular route heading to the Arch of Hadrian (Hadrian's Gate - Πύλη Αδριανού). On the way, our bus drives by the Athens Armed Forces Officers' Club {Λέσχη Αξιωματικών Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων Αθηνών (ΛΑΕΔ)} located in the heart of the city. This is a prestigious institution that serves as a hub for Greek military personnel. Established to provide a social and recreational space for officers, the club is steeped in tradition and history. The elegant building, with its classic architectural design, offers various amenities, including dining facilities, meeting rooms and event spaces. The club not only fosters camaraderie among officers but also hosts numerous cultural and social events, contributing to the community's vibrancy. It stands as a symbol of the respect and honor bestowed upon the Greek armed forces, reflecting their significant role in the nation's history and contemporary society. The club's commitment to upholding the values and traditions of the Greek military makes it a cherished institution in Athens.

Athens Armed Forces Officers' Club

We then pass by the Athens War Museum (Πολεμικό Μουσείο) established in 1975 dedicated to preserving Greece's military history and heritage.

Athens War Museum (Πολεμικό Μουσείο)

The War Museum Athens showcases an extensive collection of artifacts, including weaponry, uniforms, maps and photographs that chronicle Greece's military engagements from ancient times to the present day. Highlights include exhibits on the Greek War of Independence, the Balkan Wars and World War II. The museum's outdoor area features a display of military aircraft and artillery, providing a comprehensive overview of the evolution of warfare in Greece.

Our bus then drives by Rizari Park (Πάρκο Ριζάρη), a serene green oasis, located near the Evangelismos metro station, named after the Rizari brothers who were prominent figures in the Greek War of Independence. With its well-maintained walking paths, lush vegetation and shaded seating areas, Rizari Park offers a perfect spot for relaxation and leisurely strolls. It also serves as a venue for various cultural events and community gatherings, making it a beloved recreational space for both locals and visitors seeking tranquility amidst the urban landscape.

Rizari Park and National Gallery - Alexandros Soutsos Museum

Next to Rizari Park, we pass by the National Gallery - Alexandros Soutsos Museum (Εθνική Πινακοθήκη - Μουσείο Αλεξάνδρου Σούτσου), the premier art institution established in 1878 showcasing an extensive collection of Greek and European art spanning from the post-Byzantine period to contemporary works including masterpieces by El Greco, Gyzis and Lytras.

We get off the bus at Hadrian's Gate. A monumental gateway constructed in 131-132 AD to honor the Roman Emperor Hadrian who played a significant role in the development and beautification of Athens, this triumphal Hadrian's Gate Arch marks the boundary between the ancient city of Athens and the new city which Hadrian himself commissioned.

Hadrian's Gate Bus Stop

Hadrian was an admirer of Greek culture and sought to restore Athens to its former glory. His contributions included the construction of new buildings, libraries and temples, most notably the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus, which stands near the arch. The Arch of Hadrian was designed to commemorate his beneficence and the city's transition under his influence.

Hadrian's Gate Bus Stop

Hadrian's Gate (Arch of Hadrian) stands at approximately 18 meters (59 feet) in height and is made of Pentelic marble, the same material used for the Parthenon. The structure is a harmonious blend of Roman and Greek architectural styles, reflecting Hadrian's admiration for both cultures.

Hadrian's Gate (Arch of Hadrian)

Hadrian's Gate (Arch of Hadrian) features a single arched passageway with Corinthian columns flanking either side. The upper level is adorned with pilasters and a central opening, topped by a triangular pediment. Two inscriptions are carved into the arch, each on opposite sides, highlighting its symbolic significance:

• The side facing the Acropolis reads: "This is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus."
• The side facing the new city reads: "This is the city of Hadrian, not of Theseus."

These inscriptions signify the dual identity of Athens as both the ancient city of myth and legend and the rejuvenated metropolis under Hadrian's rule.

The Arch of Hadrian also holds a rich mythological significance, connecting the historical figure of Hadrian with the legendary hero Theseus. Theseus, the mythical king of Athens, is celebrated for his role in the unification of Attica and his numerous heroic deeds, including slaying the Minotaur and various other feats of strength and bravery.

Arch of Hadrian (Hadrian's Gate)

The inscriptions on Hadrian's Gate (Arch of Hadrian) highlight the distinction between the two eras of Athens. By referencing Theseus, the arch acknowledges the city's illustrious past rooted in Greek mythology and legend. The mention of Hadrian emphasizes the transformative impact of the Roman emperor, who sought to bring a new golden age to Athens.

Temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympieion)

To the east of Hadrian's Gate lies the Temple of Olympian Zeus (Ναός του Ολυμπίου Διός), an iconic Athenian landmark currently surrounded by scaffolding. The Temple of Olympian Zeus, also known as the Olympieion, is one of the most significant ancient monuments in Athens, Greece. Its construction began in the 6th century BCE during the reign of the Athenian tyrant Peisistratus who envisioned a grand temple dedicated to Zeus, the king of the Olympian gods. However, the project was abandoned for lack of funds and political turmoil. It wasn't until the 2nd century CE, under the Roman Emperor Hadrian, that the temple was finally completed. This long construction period reflects the tumultuous history of Athens transitioning from its classical era through to the Roman occupation.

Temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympieion)

The Temple of Olympian Zeus is an extraordinary example of Corinthian architecture, a style characterized by its ornate columns decorated with acanthus leaves. Originally, the temple boasted 104 colossal columns, each standing at 17 meters high and 2 meters in diameter. These columns supported a vast entablature, making the temple one of the largest in the ancient world. The sheer scale and grandeur of the temple were meant to demonstrate both the might of Zeus and the glory of Athens under Roman rule.

Temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympieion)

In Greek mythology, Zeus was the king of the gods, ruling from Mount Olympus. He was considered the god of the sky, thunder and lightning, wielding his mighty thunderbolt to maintain order and justice. The dedication of such an immense temple to Zeus underscored his paramount importance in Greek religion and myth. The temple was not only a place of worship but also a symbol of Zeus's supreme power and authority.

Temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympieion)

Today, the Temple of Olympian Zeus stands as a monumental ruin, with only 15 of its original columns still standing. These remnants offer a glimpse into the temple's former grandeur. Restoration efforts have been ongoing to preserve this ancient marvel for future generations. These efforts focus on stabilizing the remaining columns, preventing further decay and providing archaeological insights into its historical significance. The temple is part of a larger archaeological site in central Athens, which includes other significant ruins and offers a poignant contrast between the ancient and modern city.

We get back on a bus on the X80 route which is circular and will take us back to our hotel in the Koukaki neighborhood. Our bus passes by the Hellenic Parliament (Βουλή των Ελλήνων) - the Greek Parliament Building located in Syntagma Square. The Greek Parliament is a cornerstone of Greece's political and cultural heritage. Originally constructed between 1836 and 1843 as a royal palace for King Otto of Greece, the neoclassical structure was designed by German architect Friedrich von Gärtner. The building's grand facade and symmetrical design exemplify the neoclassical style, reflecting the ideals of order and democracy.

Hellenic Parliament: Old Palace, current Greek Parliament Building

After a fire in 1909, the palace underwent various uses until 1934, when it was repurposed as the Hellenic Parliament. The building's transformation from a royal residence to the seat of Greek democracy symbolizes the nation's journey towards self-governance and the enduring legacy of classical Greek ideals. Today, it not only serves as the epicenter of Greek legislative activities but also stands as a monument to the country's rich historical and cultural narrative, embodying the spirit of Hellenism and democratic values.

Garivaldi Street (Koukaki district) at the edge of Acropolis Hill

We wait out the intense heat of mid-day and hit the streets of Athens again in late afternoon. The Panathenaic Stadium (Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο), also known as Kallimarmaro, is a historic and iconic monument in Athens, Greece. Originally constructed in 330 BC for the Panathenaic Games, it was rebuilt in marble by Herodes Atticus in 144 AD, making it the only stadium in the world built entirely of marble.

Kallimarmaro (Panathenaic Stadium)

The Kallimarmaro boasts a rich history, having hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. With its striking horseshoe shape and a capacity of 50,000 spectators, the Panathenaic Stadium stands as a testament to ancient Greek architectural brilliance and cultural heritage. Today, it remains a symbol of athletic excellence and historical significance, drawing visitors from around the globe to marvel at its grandeur and immerse themselves in its storied past.

The Zappeion Hall (Ζάππειο Μέγαρο) in Athens is a grand neoclassical building located in the National Gardens, close to the Panathenaic Stadium. It was designed by Danish architect Theophil Hansen and completed in 1888, intended as an exhibition hall for the first modern Olympic Games held in 1896. The Zappeion has since served as a venue for numerous events, conferences and ceremonies.

Zappeion Hall

Architecturally, Zappeion Hall features a large central atrium surrounded by a colonnade of Corinthian columns, exemplifying classical Greek design. Its historical and cultural significance makes it a prominent landmark, embodying the revival of ancient Greek traditions in modern times.

Across the Panathenaic Stadium, in front of the Zappeion Hall on the other side of Leof. Vasileos Konstantinou road, stands a 1927 replica of renowned Greek sculptor Kostas Dimitriadis' 1924 statue of the Discus Thrower (Ο Δισκοβόλος). A modern sculpture inspired by the ancient Greek tradition of athletic artistry, this bronze statue pays homage to the classical ideals of beauty, strength and athleticism.

The Discus Thrower sculpture

The original Discus Thrower statue is now located at Randall's Island Park in New York City. The piece reinterprets the iconic form of the discus thrower, capturing the dynamic tension and poised energy of an athlete in the moment of release. It won the gold medal in sculptures at the 1924 Paris Olympics. Dimitriadis' work not only reflects his mastery of form and movement but also connects contemporary viewers with Greece’s rich cultural heritage, embodying the enduring legacy of Greek art and its celebration of human potential.

The Equestrian Statue of Alexander the Great (Έφιππος Ανδριάντας Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου) near Zappeion Hall in Athens is a magnificent tribute to one of history's most legendary figures. This striking bronze statue, created by sculptor Giannis Pappas, depicts Alexander the Great on horseback, embodying the strength, courage and leadership for which he is renowned. The statue captures a dynamic moment, with Alexander portrayed in mid-stride, exuding a sense of motion and purpose.

Equestrian Statue of Alexander the Great

Positioned in a prominent location at the intersection of Leof. Vasilisis Amalias and Leof. Vasilissis Olgas near the Zappeion Hall, Alexander's statue serves as a powerful reminder of Greece's rich historical legacy and its enduring influence on the world. The surrounding area, with its lush greenery and historic significance, provides a fitting backdrop for this homage to the iconic Macedonian king.

The Holy Catholic Cathedral of Saint Denis the Areopagite (Ιερός Καθολικός Καθεδρικός Ναός Αγίου Διονυσίου Αρεοπαγίτη) is an exquisite example of Gothic Revival architecture. Dedicated to Saint Denis the Areopagite, the first Bishop of Athens, the cathedral was constructed in the mid-19th century and consecrated in 1865. Its striking façade, adorned with intricate stone carvings and a prominent rose window, stands out amid the bustling cityscape.

Holy Catholic Cathedral of Saint Denis the Areopagite

The interior of St. Denis' Church is equally captivating, featuring beautiful stained glass windows, detailed woodwork and a serene atmosphere conducive to contemplation and worship. This cathedral not only serves as a place of spiritual significance for the Catholic community in Athens but also as a symbol of the city's diverse religious heritage. Its rich history and architectural beauty make it a must-visit landmark for those exploring Athens.

Next to St. Denis' on Panepistimiou Street is the spectacular eye-catching building of the Athens Eye Clinic, a renowned medical facility specializing in comprehensive eye care. Situated in the heart of Athens, this clinic is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by a team of highly skilled ophthalmologists. They offer a wide range of services, from routine eye exams to advanced surgical procedures, catering to both local and international patients.

Athens Eye Clinic

The Eye Clinic is known for its commitment to patient care, ensuring a comfortable and professional environment. Its central location at the corner of Sina Street makes it easily accessible, providing convenient and top-quality eye care in one of Athens' most bustling areas.

The Academy of Athens (Ακαδημία Αθηνών), founded in 1926, is a prestigious institution dedicated to the advancement of sciences, humanities and fine arts. Located in the heart of Athens, this neoclassical building is an architectural masterpiece designed by the Danish architect Theophil Hansen, with its construction completed by his brother Christian Hansen.

Academy of Athens

The facade of the Academy of Athens is adorned with impressive sculptures and statues, including those of Apollo and Athena, representing wisdom and knowledge. The interior features elaborate frescoes and a grand assembly hall. The Academy plays a crucial role in promoting academic research and cultural heritage in Greece, hosting numerous lectures, conferences and awards ceremonies. Its rich history and stunning architecture make it a symbol of intellectual and cultural excellence in Athens.

Next to the Academy of Athens on Panepistimiou Street is the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών) which, founded in 1837, is the oldest university in Greece and one of the most prestigious institutions of higher education in the country. Located in the heart of Athens, the university has played a significant role in the academic and cultural development of Greece.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Its main campus is noted for its elegant neoclassical architecture, including the iconic central building designed by Theophil Hansen. The university offers a wide range of programs across various fields, including humanities, sciences and social sciences and is renowned for its contributions to research and scholarship. Named in honor of Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first Governor of Greece, the university is a cornerstone of Greek intellectual life and continues to attract students and researchers from around the world.

The National Library (Vallianeio Megaron - Βαλλιάνειο Μέγαρο) next to the University is another architectural masterpiece designed by Theophil Hansen. It stands as a monumental symbol of Greek cultural heritage and intellectual pursuit. Completed in 1842, the library is renowned for its striking neoclassical design, including a grand portico with six majestic Corinthian columns and its richly decorated interiors. It houses an extensive collection of manuscripts, rare books and historical documents that reflect Greece's rich literary and historical tradition.

National Library of Athens (Vallianeio Megaron)

The National Library of Athens library plays a vital role in preserving Greek cultural legacy and promoting research and education. Its iconic building, with its classical grandeur and commitment to knowledge, continues to be a central institution for scholars and visitors alike.

The National Archaeological Museum of Athens (Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο) is Greece's premier museum, renowned for its extensive collection of ancient artifacts that offer a window into the rich history and culture of ancient Greece. Founded in 1829, the museum houses an impressive array of exhibits, including classical sculptures, pottery and jewelry. Highlights include the iconic Mask of Agamemnon, the bronze statue of the Artemision Zeus and an extensive collection of Cycladic art.

The museum's neoclassical building itself, designed by Ludwig Lange, complements the treasures within with its grand architecture and expansive galleries. As a central institution in Greek heritage, the National Archaeological Museum is essential for anyone seeking to understand the ancient world and its lasting influence on Western civilization.

The roof of the National Archaeological Museum in Athens is adorned with statues of prominent figures which contribute to the museum's architectural and historical significance. These figures are representations of ancient Greek deities, designed to evoke the grandeur of classical antiquity. The statues are notable for their classical design, embodying the artistic ideals of ancient Greece.

Rooftop sculptures at National Archaeological Museum of Athens

The rooftop sculptures serve not only as decorative elements but also as symbolic guardians of the museum, which houses one of the most extensive collections of Greek antiquities. These figures, positioned atop the museum’s imposing structure, complement its neoclassical architecture and reflect the museum’s role in celebrating and preserving Greece’s rich cultural heritage.

Athens Street Art: Thisiou Street

As we continue wandering around Athens, some graffiti street art catches our attention. Street art tells a lot about any city and Athens is no exception.

Athens Street Art: Psaromiligkou Street viewed from Agiou Asomaton

Athens Street Art: Agiou Konstantinou

We head down Ermou Street towards the ancient Agora of Athens.

Ermou 121

Ermou Street

Walking past the bookstore, picking up cold drinks from the mini mart next to it. Located in one of Athens' bustling shopping avenues, this bookstore offers a charming retreat for book lovers amidst the city's vibrant commercial activity. The bookstore is known for its extensive collection of literature, ranging from Greek classics to contemporary international titles.

Bookstore on Ermou Street

The bookstore's cozy atmosphere, often highlighted by warm lighting and wooden shelves, provides a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of Ermou. Visitors can find a variety of genres, including fiction, non-fiction, travel guides and art books. The store often hosts events such as book signings and readings, adding a cultural dimension to its offerings. This bookstore is a must-visit for anyone looking to immerse themselves in literary treasures while exploring the heart of Athens.

Mini Mart next to the bookstore on Ermou Street

Getting closer to Agora, there are more charming bookstores on Astiggos Street which is known for its eclectic mix of shops and local businesses, including Lemoni Bookshop, the Polis Art Cafe and Bibliopoleio Tou Gastronomou specializing in cookbooks and gastronomic literature.

Bookstores on Astiggos Street

We finally reach the Ancient Agora of Athens!

Agora of Athens: Visitor Display Board with Map

Visiting the Agora of Athens is a journey through the heart of ancient Greek civilization, offering a profound glimpse into the daily life, politics and philosophy of the classical world. As we walk through this sprawling archaeological site, the remnants of ancient buildings, stoas, temples and marketplaces come into view, each telling a story of a vibrant and bustling city center.

Agora of Athens

The Agora (literally meaning "marketplace"), situated at the foot of the Acropolis, served as the focal point of Athenian public life. It was here that citizens gathered for a variety of purposes: political assembly, commercial transactions, socializing and religious observances. The site is rich with significant structures, such as the Stoa of Attalos, which has been meticulously reconstructed and now houses a museum displaying artifacts from the site. The Temple of Hephaestus, one of the best-preserved ancient Greek temples, stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of the period.

As we explore the Agora, we can imagine great philosophers like Socrates and Plato engaging in discussions and teaching their students under the open sky. The site is also home to the ruins of the Odeon of Agrippa, a grand concert hall and the Tholos, where the executive committee of the Athenian government once convened.

The Stoa of Attalos - Museum of the Ancient Agora (Στοά Αττάλου - Μουσείο Αρχαίας Αγοράς), an impressive and meticulously reconstructed colonnaded structure, stands as a key highlight of the Ancient Agora in Athens. Originally built in the 2nd century BCE by King Attalos II of Pergamon, this stoa was a gift to the Athenians reflecting the cultural and political bonds between the two cities.

The Stoa of Attalos seen from near the Water Mill

The Stoa of Attalos was initially a bustling marketplace and social hub, featuring a double colonnade with a covered walkway on each floor, providing a shaded area for Athenians to gather, shop and discuss matters of the day. Its design, characterized by Doric columns on the ground floor and Ionic columns on the upper level, exemplifies the architectural innovation and aesthetic sensibilities of the Hellenistic period.

The building spans 115 meters in length and 20 meters in width, with two stories that accommodate a series of shops and rooms, which were used by merchants and craftsmen. The reconstruction, completed in the 1950s by the American School of Classical Studies, adhered closely to the original design, using Pentelic marble and limestone. This restoration project not only revived a significant historical structure but also provided a space to house the Museum of the Ancient Agora.

Archeology restoration work in front of the Stoa of Attalos

The museum within the Stoa of Attalos offers a rich collection of artifacts that illuminate the daily life, political activities and commercial practices of ancient Athens. Exhibits include pottery, sculptures, inscriptions, coins and everyday items unearthed from the Agora. Notable displays feature ostraka, used for the process of ostracism and items related to the Athenian democracy, reflecting the Agora’s role as the cradle of democratic principles.

Visitors to the Stoa of Attalos not only gain insights into the architectural grandeur of ancient Greece but also experience a tangible connection to the civic life of ancient Athenians. The museum serves as an educational resource, offering detailed explanations and context for the artifacts on display, making it an essential visit for those interested in the historical and cultural heritage of Athens.

Temple of Hephaestus seen from Stoa of Attalos in Ancient Agora of Athens

The Stoa of Attalos stands as a beautifully restored testament to the ingenuity and vibrancy of ancient Athens. It serves a dual purpose: preserving the architectural legacy of the Hellenistic period and educating the public about the rich history of the Athenian Agora. This blend of historical reverence and educational mission makes the Stoa of Attalos a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the ancient heart of Athens.

The Altar of Zeus Agoraios, located in the Ancient Agora of Athens, is a significant yet often overlooked monument that sheds light on the religious and civic life of ancient Athens. Situated near the Stoa of Attalos, the altar was dedicated to Zeus Agoraios, the protector of the marketplace (Agora) and civic affairs.

Altar of Zeus Agoraios, Ancient Agora of Athens

Constructed in the 4th century BCE, the Altar of Zeus Agoraios served as a focal point for public worship and offerings to Zeus, who was believed to oversee and bless the commercial and social activities within the Agora. This dedication underscores the intertwining of religious practice with daily life and governance in ancient Athens, highlighting the importance of divine favor in public and economic matters.

The altar, though now largely in ruins, originally featured a rectangular platform constructed from limestone and marble. It would have been adorned with votive offerings and possibly inscriptions, though few of these elements have survived. Its modest size and simple design contrast with the grandiose temples dedicated to Zeus elsewhere, reflecting its role as a practical site for daily worship rather than monumental display.

The Altar of Zeus Agoraios played a crucial role in the religious observances of the Agora. Citizens would have approached the altar to make offerings and sacrifices, seeking Zeus's blessing for successful trade, legal matters and civic harmony. This practice illustrates how religion permeated all aspects of Athenian life, from the personal to the political.

Excavations around the Agora have uncovered various artifacts and remains that provide context to the altar's use and significance. These findings, including pottery fragments, coins and inscriptions, help historians piece together the rituals and daily activities that took place around the altar.

Today, the Altar of Zeus Agoraios is an important archaeological site that offers insights into the everyday religious practices of ancient Athenians. While it may not be as visually impressive as other monuments in the Agora, its historical and cultural value is immense. Visitors to the Ancient Agora can reflect on how the altar served as a bridge between the divine and the civic, emphasizing the holistic nature of ancient Greek life.

The Altar of Zeus Agoraios stands as a testament to the integration of religion into the public and economic spheres of ancient Athens. Though less grand than other religious sites, it played a vital role in the daily lives of the Agora's inhabitants, embodying the profound respect and reliance they placed on the gods. Exploring this site provides a deeper understanding of the cultural and religious dynamics that shaped ancient Athenian society.

The Odeon of Agrippa, located in the heart of the Ancient Agora of Athens, is a remarkable testament to the architectural and cultural advancements of the Roman era in Greece. Built around 15 BCE by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a close associate of Emperor Augustus, this grand structure served as a concert hall and meeting place, reflecting the blend of Greek and Roman influences that characterized the period.

Odeon of Agrippa, Ancient Agora of  Athens

The Odeon was constructed during a time when Athens was under Roman rule, which brought significant architectural and cultural changes to the city. Agrippa, a prominent Roman statesman and general, dedicated the building to the people of Athens, enhancing the Agora's role as a center of public life.

Originally, the Odeon of Agrippa was a two-story building with a seating capacity of around 1,000 spectators. It featured a semi-circular orchestra and a rectangular stage, typical of Roman theaters. The roof was supported by massive internal columns, allowing for an open, airy interior space. The facade was adorned with Corinthian columns and elaborate decorations, showcasing the grandeur of Roman architectural design.

In the 2nd century CE, after sustaining damage, the Odeon was rebuilt on a smaller scale. The new structure retained some of the original's grandeur but incorporated changes that reflected evolving architectural styles.

Odeon of Agrippa

The Odeon of Agrippa was a hub of cultural activity, hosting musical performances, lectures and theatrical productions. It played a crucial role in the cultural life of Athens, bridging Greek traditions with Roman innovations. The Odeon symbolized the fusion of Greek and Roman cultures, serving as a venue where citizens could enjoy the arts and engage in intellectual pursuits.

Excavations of the site have revealed significant insights into its construction and usage. Notable finds include statues of giants and Tritons that once adorned the facade, adding a mythical element to the structure. These statues are now displayed in the nearby Stoa of Attalos Museum, providing visitors with a glimpse into the artistic splendor that once characterized the Odeon.

Today, the ruins of the Odeon of Agrippa stand as a poignant reminder of Athens' rich historical tapestry. While much of the structure has not survived the ravages of time, the remaining elements offer valuable insights into Roman architectural practices and their integration into Greek urban spaces.

The Odeon of Agrippa is a significant historical site that encapsulates the cultural and architectural achievements of the Roman era in Athens. Its construction and subsequent reconstruction highlight the dynamic interplay between Greek and Roman influences, making it a vital piece of the Ancient Agora's history. Visiting the Odeon allows one to appreciate the grandeur of ancient performances and the cultural fusion that defined a pivotal era in Athens' storied past.

The Holy Church of the Holy Apostles of Solakis (Ιερός Ναός Αγίων Αποστόλων του Σολάκη), nestled within the ancient Agora of Athens, is a charming and historically significant structure that stands as a testament to Byzantine architecture and religious continuity in the heart of a site renowned for its classical heritage. Built in the late 10th century, this small yet elegant church is one of the earliest examples of the cross-in-square architectural style that would become prevalent in Byzantine ecclesiastical design. The church's exterior is marked by its harmonious proportions, decorative brickwork and the use of ancient spolia, incorporating stones and columns from the surrounding ruins, thus symbolizing the blending of Christian and ancient Greek legacies.

Holy Church of the Holy Apostles of Solakis, Agora of Athens

Inside, the church's serene ambiance is enhanced by remnants of beautiful frescoes and icons that provide a glimpse into the spiritual life of Byzantine Athens. The domed interior, supported by four columns, creates a sense of intimacy and reverence, inviting visitors to reflect on the passage of time and the enduring nature of faith.

Inside the Holy Church of the Holy Apostles of Solakis

The Church of the Holy Apostles of Solakis holds not only religious significance but also historical importance as it was one of the first restoration projects undertaken by the Greek Archaeological Service in the early 20th century, highlighting the dedication to preserving Athens' multifaceted heritage. Visiting this church offers a unique perspective on the intersection of ancient and medieval Athens, allowing one to appreciate the continuity of sacred spaces amidst the ruins of one of history's greatest civilizations.

Wandering through the paths of the Ancient Agora of Athens, we can feel the echoes of ancient democracy, as the Agora was the birthplace of political debate and decision-making. Visiting the Agora of Athens is not just a walk through ruins; it’s an immersive experience that connects us with the spirit of ancient Athens, offering a deeper appreciation of its cultural and historical legacy.

It is intensely hot in Athens today (the Agora was closed to visitors a couple of days earlier due to the record heat). We exit the Agora and gladly sit down in the water mist from fans in one of the restaurants lining Adrianou Street across the gate to the Ancient Agora. Adrianou Street, running alongside the Ancient Agora of Athens, is a captivating blend of historical significance and modern charm. This street, one of the oldest in Athens, offers a unique vantage point to appreciate the city's ancient and contemporary landscapes.

Old City walls of Agora of Athens

Adjacent to the Ancient Agora, remnants of ancient walls can be seen, serving as a testament to Athens' storied past. These walls, constructed from large stones and meticulously placed blocks, once formed part of the fortifications that protected the Agora. They offer a tangible connection to the classical period, evoking images of ancient Athenians walking along these very stones. The weathered texture and historical patina of the walls add a sense of timelessness to Adrianou Street, creating a striking contrast with the modernity of the city.

Adrianou Street

Behind us on Adrianou Street is the Holy Church of Saint Philip the Apostle at Blassarou (Ιερός Ναός Αγίου Αποστόλου Φιλίππου της Βλασσαρούς) dedicated to Saint Philip the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. Its history dates back to the Byzantine era, reflecting the long-standing Christian traditions in the region. The original structure has undergone several renovations over the centuries, adapting to the changing needs and circumstances of the local Christian community. Architecturally, the church is a beautiful example of Byzantine design, characterized by its modest yet elegant structure. The exterior features traditional Byzantine elements such as arched windows, domes and a simple yet dignified façade. Inside, the church boasts exquisite iconography and religious artworks that depict various scenes from the life of Saint Philip and other biblical stories. The interior is adorned with icons, frescoes and religious artifacts that are integral to the Orthodox Christian faith.

Holy Church of Saint Philip the Apostle at Blassarou

The Holy Church of Saint Philip the Apostle serves as a vital center of worship and community for the local Orthodox Christian population. It hosts regular liturgies, religious ceremonies and festivals that are deeply rooted in Greek Orthodox traditions. The church's presence on Adrianou Street, a bustling area known for its historical and cultural significance, adds to its importance as a spiritual haven amidst the lively urban environment. Visitors to the church can experience a sense of tranquility and reverence as they step inside this sacred space. The church's location on Adrianou Street makes it easily accessible, allowing both locals and tourists to explore its historical and spiritual offerings. The serene atmosphere within the church provides a stark contrast to the bustling activity of the surrounding area, making it a peaceful retreat for reflection and prayer.

Adrianou Street

Adding to the unique character of Adrianou Street are the rail lines that run parallel to the street. These lines belong to the Athens-Piraeus Railway, one of the oldest urban rail systems in the world, established in the 19th century. The railway provides a picturesque route through the heart of Athens, offering passengers scenic views of significant archaeological sites, including the Ancient Agora. The proximity of the rail lines to the ancient ruins underscores the city's dynamic blend of ancient history and modern life.

Athens-Piraeus Railway Train running along Ancient Agora of Athens

The gentle rumble of trains passing by, combined with the backdrop of ancient walls, creates a distinctive ambiance that is both lively and reflective. The rail lines serve as a reminder of the evolution of transportation and urban development in Athens, juxtaposed against the static grandeur of historical monuments.

A restaurant on Adrianou Street

Today, Adrianou Street is lined with charming cafes, shops and tavernas, where visitors can pause to enjoy the atmosphere. The street retains its historical allure while catering to the needs of contemporary life, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. The seamless integration of ancient walls and rail lines into the everyday urban landscape highlights Athens' ability to preserve its heritage while embracing modernity.

A restaurant on Adrianou Street

Adrianou Street, with its ancient walls and rail lines, offers a fascinating journey through time. It encapsulates the essence of Athens, where history is not just preserved in museums but interwoven with the fabric of daily life. Walking along Adrianou Street provides a unique perspective on the city's past and present, making it an essential experience for anyone visiting Athens.

Ermou St & Astiggos St

Cooled down a bit and full in our bellies, we resume the exploration of Athens. The famous Athens Flea Market, known as Monastiraki Flea Market, is a vibrant and bustling marketplace that captures the essence of the city's eclectic charm. Located in the historic Monastiraki neighborhood, this lively market is a treasure trove of antiques, souvenirs, clothing and unique curiosities, drawing locals and tourists alike.

Monastiraki old town district

Monastiraki Flea Market has a long-standing tradition in Athens, reflecting the city's rich history and diverse cultural influences. The area around Monastiraki Square has been a hub of commerce and trade since ancient times, with remnants of the Roman and Ottoman periods still evident in the surrounding architecture. Over the years, the market has evolved into a dynamic shopping destination, preserving its historical roots while embracing modern trends.

Monastiraki old town district of Athens

Walking through the narrow streets and alleys of the flea market is a sensory delight. The air is filled with the sounds of vendors calling out their wares, the aroma of freshly baked pastries and the vibrant colors of textiles and trinkets displayed in the stalls. The market is a labyrinth of shops and stands, offering everything from vintage records, handmade jewelry and traditional Greek crafts to second-hand books, leather goods and quirky collectibles.

Monastiraki Flea Market

The Monastiraki Flea Market is not just a shopping destination but also a cultural experience. It provides a window into the daily life of Athenians and offers visitors a chance to immerse themselves in the local culture. The market is a melting pot of people from all walks of life, creating a lively and diverse atmosphere. It is also a place where one can find unique items that tell stories of the past, making it a haven for history buffs and collectors.

Old Town Athens Monastiraki Neighborhood: Ifestou St. & Saint Philip St.

Situated at the crossroads of ancient and modern Athens, the flea market is surrounded by notable landmarks and attractions. The iconic Monastiraki Square, with its historic Tzistarakis Mosque and Hadrian's Library, is just steps away. The Acropolis, Ancient Agora and Plaka neighborhood are also within walking distance, making it an ideal starting point for exploring the city's rich historical and cultural heritage.

We arrive at the beautiful Plateia Monastirakiou - the Monastiraki Square, a vibrant and bustling hub in the heart of Athens. Located at the crossroads of the city's historical and modern districts, this iconic square is a melting pot of culture, history and contemporary life. Monastiraki Square is steeped in history, with its roots dating back to ancient Athens. One of the highlights of Monastiraki Square is its stunning views of the Acropolis. As you stand in the square, you can gaze up at the majestic Parthenon perched atop the hill, offering a breathtaking backdrop that is quintessentially Athenian. This iconic view makes the square a popular spot for photography and sightseeing.

Monastiraki Square (Plateia Monastirakiou)

The square derives its name from the small monastery that once stood here, remnants of which can still be seen today. It is surrounded by historical landmarks, including the ancient Hadrian's Library, the 18th-century Tzistarakis Mosque and the Roman Agora, reflecting the city's rich and diverse past. The square is a lively center of activity, brimming with the energy of locals and tourists alike. Street performers, musicians and vendors add to the vibrant atmosphere, creating a lively and eclectic scene. The nearby Monastiraki Flea Market spills into the square, offering a plethora of goods ranging from antiques and souvenirs to clothing and accessories. This makes it a perfect spot for shopping enthusiasts looking to find unique treasures.

The architecture around Monastiraki Square is a fascinating blend of styles. The Tzistarakis Mosque, built during the Ottoman period, stands as a testament to the city's multicultural heritage. Adjacent to it is the historic Pantanassa Monastery, adding a Byzantine touch to the square. The juxtaposition of these ancient structures with the bustling modern shops and cafes creates a unique and charming atmosphere.

Monastiraki Square is also a culinary hotspot, with numerous tavernas, cafes and street food vendors offering a wide array of Greek delicacies. From traditional souvlaki and gyros to freshly baked pastries and coffee, the square is a haven for food lovers looking to sample authentic Athenian flavors.

The square is a central transportation hub, easily accessible by metro, bus and tram. The Monastiraki metro station connects to both the blue and green lines, making it a convenient starting point for exploring other parts of Athens.

The Holy Church of the Virgin Mary Pantanassa - Monastiraki (Ιερός Ναός Παναγίας Παντανάσσης - Μοναστηράκι) stands here under the looming Acropolis. This is a small but significant religious and historical landmark in the heart of Athens. Often referred to simply as Pantanassa, this church holds a prominent place in the vibrant and bustling Monastiraki area, bridging the gap between ancient traditions and the lively modern city. The church dates back to the 10th century, making it one of the oldest in Athens. Originally part of a larger monastic complex, the Pantanassa Monastery, the church has seen numerous transformations and renovations over the centuries. Its long history is a testament to the enduring presence of Christian worship in Athens, surviving through Byzantine, Ottoman and modern Greek periods.

Pantanassa: The Holy Church of the Virgin Mary Pantanassa Monastiraki

The Pantanassa Church is a classic example of Byzantine architecture, featuring a cross-in-square design with a central dome. Despite its relatively modest size, the church's architectural details are striking. The stone construction, arched windows and decorative brickwork reflect the Byzantine style prevalent during its initial construction. Inside, the church houses beautiful frescoes and icons, adding to its spiritual and aesthetic appeal. As an active place of worship, Pantanassa continues to serve the local Orthodox Christian community. It stands as a spiritual oasis amid the commercial hustle and bustle of Monastiraki Square. The church regularly hosts liturgical services, attracting both devout parishioners and curious visitors who come to experience its serene atmosphere.

The church's location in Monastiraki Square places it at the center of one of Athens' most dynamic areas. Surrounded by historical landmarks, such as Hadrian's Library and the Tzistarakis Mosque and the famous Monastiraki Flea Market, the church is a focal point that connects the square's diverse historical and cultural elements. Its proximity to these attractions makes it a convenient and enriching stop for tourists exploring the area.

Efforts have been made to preserve the church's historical and architectural integrity, ensuring that it remains a cherished part of Athens' heritage. The church is easily accessible to the public and its location near the Monastiraki metro station makes it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. The blend of religious, historical and cultural significance enhances the overall appeal of visiting the church.

The Equestrian Statue of Commander-in-Chief Theodoros Kolokotronis (Έφιππος Ανδριάντας Αρχιστράτηγου Θεόδωρου Κολοκοτρώνη) is a powerful tribute to one of Greece's most revered heroes of the War of Independence. Located prominently in front of the Old Parliament House on Stadiou Street, this statue is a striking symbol of Greek valor and the struggle for freedom. Theodoros Kolokotronis (1770-1843) was a prominent Greek general and a key figure in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, which began in 1821. Known for his strategic brilliance and fierce patriotism, Kolokotronis played a crucial role in many significant battles, including the liberation of Tripolitsa. His leadership and unwavering dedication to the cause of Greek independence earned him the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Greek forces.

Equestrian Statue of Commander-in-Chief Theodoros Kolokotronis

The statue, created by sculptor Lazaros Sochos, was unveiled in 1904. It depicts Kolokotronis mounted on his horse, dressed in traditional Greek military attire. The dynamic pose of both the horse and rider conveys a sense of motion and urgency, capturing Kolokotronis in a moment of command and action. The statue's base features inscriptions and reliefs that highlight key moments from Kolokotronis' life and the Greek War of Independence, providing historical context and enriching the monument's narrative.

The equestrian statue is more than just a commemorative monument; it is a symbol of Greek resilience, bravery and the enduring spirit of independence. Kolokotronis' determined expression and commanding presence embody the courage and determination of the Greek people during their fight for liberation. The statue serves as an inspiration and a reminder of the sacrifices made for freedom. The statue holds a significant place in the collective memory of the Greek people. It is a site of national pride and is often visited during patriotic ceremonies and celebrations, particularly on Greek Independence Day, March 25th. The statue stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Theodoros Kolokotronis and the profound impact he had on Greece's history.

Located in a historical and culturally rich area, the statue is surrounded by important landmarks, including the Old Parliament House, which now houses the National Historical Museum. This proximity to other historical sites enhances the educational and cultural value of a visit to the statue, allowing visitors to delve deeper into Greece's rich past.

Bus ride back to our hotel in Athens, Greece

Now towards the end of our long day in Athens, we get back on the bus and head back to our hotel in the shadows of the Acropolis. The next day is also specially exciting - we ride the famous Greek Hydrofoils - Flying Dolphins - to visit the Greek island of Hydra on the Aegean Sea. That story is at "Journey to Hydra: The Stunning Greek Island by Flying Dolphin | Idra | Ydra | Hydrea | Saronic Island".

From Athens, we head to Kyiv, the beautiful capital city of Ukraine.

Note: Prose in this post received AI assistance from ChatGPT and  Gemini.